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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

E. A. JACKSON.

HEATING AND VENTILATING GRATE. No. 394,653. Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

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E. A. JACKSON.

HEATING AND VENTILATING GRATE.

N0. 394,653. Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

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E. A. JACKSON.

HEATING AND VBNTILATING GRATB.

No. 394,653. Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

UNITED STATES EDIVIN A. JACKSON,

PATENT OFFICE.

OF NE YORK, N. Y.

HEATING AND VENTILATING GRATE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,653, dated December18, 1888.

Application filed June 12, 1888.

To all whom it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, EDWIN A. JACKSON, 01": New York, in the county ofNew York and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Heating and Ventilating Grates, of which the followingis a specification.

My-present invention relates to fire-place grates of that class whichare designed to warm and ventilate rooms by the introduction of acurrent of fresh air, which is warmed by bringing it in contact with theback and side walls; and the invention consists in certain improvementsin the construction in the castiron back or body of the grate or heater,as hereinafter more fully described.

Figure 1 is a front elevation with a portion in section. Fig. 2 is atransverse vertical section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig 3 is a rearelevation with a portion of the outer casing removed. Fig. '1: is atransverse vertical section on the line 4 l of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is aperspective view from the front of the cast-iron body complete anddetached. Fig. (i is a similar view from the rear. I

Several patents have heretofore been issued to me for grates orfire-place heaters designed to ventilate and warm rooms by the admissionof a current of air brought from the eX- terior of the building andwarmed by contact with the back and sides of the body of the grate, andwhich have proven very success ful in use. By long experiments withgrates of this character I have found that there are certaindi'fiiculties to overcome, and which hitherto have not been F ull yaccomplished. As the height of these grates is but about thirty inches,and as the air can be held in contact with the heating-surface duringonly the time that it is passing from the bottom to the top of thegrate, it is difficultto heat the air to the extent desired, especiallywhen it is used for warming rooms above. Attempts have been made toremedy this by obstructing the air-passages by plates, &c., arranged todeflect the current of air, causing it to pass around and under or overthese ol'istructions, frequently turning it at a right angle or morefrom its direct line of movement; but when this is done the flow of theair is so retarded that the amount which enters the room is greatlyreduced, and thus the desired warming and Serial No. 276,797. (Nomodel.)

ventilation are prevented. It is also common to make these grates ofseparate plates or parts and then fasten them together with bolts orscrews. It is next to impossible without great expense to do this andmake the joints perfectly tight; and even if so made at first the jointssoon become more or less open by the heating and warping ot' the parts,and then the noxious gases from the fire passing through the open jointsinto the air-passages mingle with the air that is brought into the room.

Now, the object of my invention is to remedy these dit'ficulties, and tothat end I construct the cast-iron back or body A of the grate of asingle piece in the form shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The sides are madesomewhat flaring outward toward the front, the back being nearlyvertical fora distance equal to the height of the fuel when in use, andfrom that point the part D of the back is inclined forward, as shown in2, 4, and 5. A recess, 1), is formed in the sides and back, as shown inFig. 5, for the reception of fire-brick, C. Near the top of theba'ckfive or more flues, d, are formed for the passage of the smoke, thefront walls of these fines being beveled or inclined all around, as at72, Figs. 1 and 5, to permit the more ready entrance of the smoke, as Ihave found that a fiat surface at that point is apt to cause the grateto smoke, this being due to the fact that the air which enters the gratefrom the room and near the top, impinging on the flat surface, obstructsthe flow of the smoke and tends to cause more or less of it to pu if outinto the room, which, when it occurs, is a great annoyance.

In order to produce the largest possible amount of heating-surface forthe air to be brought in contact with and at the same time not obstructits flow, I make on the back side of the body A at its upper portion anair passage or flue, 0, between each adjoining pair of the smoke-finesd, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, these fines being formed by the extensionrearward ot' the side and bottom walls of the smoke-fines (I. Theseair-fines c are extended down to the bottom of the back, or nearly so,by plates f, which are united to the lower V- shaped edge of the wall ofthe sinoke-flues d, as shown in Fig. (5, and which project rearwardlyfrom the back, as shown.

the bottom of the smoke-Hues downward, the

object, however, being to produce more heating-surface, as the plates fand h will both conduct the heat throughout the entire extent of theirsurfaces and of course furnish a large increase of heated surface,against which the air impinges as it passes upward. If desired, this maybe still further increased by increasing the number of plates It. Forinstance, there may be two of them in each flue c, or there may be ashorter plate located in the flue c on each side of the plate 71, thusincreasing still more the heatingsurface. It will be obvious to any oneskilled in the art that there is no limit to the number of these platesthat may be used, provided there are not so many as to materiallyobstruct the passage of the air.

In order to conduct the heat more effectually to these rear plates, fand 71 I locate a corresponding series of vertical plates or projections, u, on the front face of the inclined portion D of the back, asshown in Figs. 1, at, and 5. As there shown, these plates to extend fromthe bottom of the smoke-fines (1 down to the top of the fire-bricklining O, and will of course be highly heated and will conduct the heatto the back and to the plates f h on its rear. They may be more or lessin number, and, as is obvious, the spaces between them will thusconstitute a series of shallow lines, up which the smoke, flame, andgases will ascend in a direct line, and thus they will aid to preventthe smoke from being wafted sidewise by sudden gusts or currents of airand thus forced out into the room, as not unfrequently happens,especially when there happens to be a door near to and at one side ofthegrate. In addition to these heatingsurfaces at the back a portion ofthe air is permitted to pass up in contact with the side walls of theback or body A, and, as shown in Figs..5 and 6, these walls are providedwith a series of projecting pins or studs, 0, which. serve to impartheat to the passing current of air in the same manner as the plates fand h do. These studs or pins 0 are also cast integral with the body inthe usual mannerthat is, by having the pattern provided with holes of acorresponding size, and then, while the pattern is in the sand-mold,after the top has been lifted off, thrusting a plug of the proper sizethrough the holes from the inside of the pattern into the sand, and thenWithdrawing it, thus leaving a series of holes inthe sand, into which ofcourse themolten'met-al will flow when the casting is formed, andthereby producing the pins or studs.

While for convenience of description I have spoken of the parts f, h,and u as plates, it should be understood that they are all. castintegral with the body A. It is obvious that they might be made separateand then be fastened to the body; but that would add to the expense,and, besides, they would not conduct the heat so eifectually, becausetheir union with the body would not be so intimate or perfect. The bodyA is thus formed in one solid piece of metal, cast complete at oneoperation, and without the use of any drysand cores, care being taken toso form the pattern that it can be molded in green or moist sand andhave all parts of it draw, leaving the cores; or, to use the technicalterms of the molder, there is no back-draft, which would necessitate thesetting in of separate or dry-sand cores, the use of which adds much tothe expense, and also to the uncertainty of getting a good casting.cesses, depressions, or cavities in the pattern must have their sidesmade at nearly a right angle with the face that rests upon the bedboardwhen molding-as, for instance, the flues (Z, if on any other angle thanthe one shown, would not leave their cores in drawing the pattern fromthe sand, but would require separate or dry-sant cores to mold them inone piece with the body.

Just below the brick O, at the back, I make an oblong opening, which isclosed byaplate, P, as shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 5, the object of whichis to afford access to the air-chamber in the base in order to cementthe joints around the air-opening in the base, so as to prevent theescape of air into the space or chimney in rear of the heater, and alsoprevent any dust or line ashes from entering the air chamber or fines.

To do this all re- ICC On the upper edge of this plate P, I cast twoprojecting lugs, 2 which serve the twofold purpose of holding the brickO in place, and also supporting the rear edge of the fuel basket orgrate, the latter being supported at its front by a couple of smallplates or lugs, I, which are .secured in recesses a, made for them inthe front edge of the side walls of the body A, as shown in Figs. 1 and5. The body A thus formed in one piece without any joints I secure to abase-plate, G, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, and which projects somedistance in rear to the outer edges of the plates f and h, and isprovided with an oblong opening for the entrance of the air to bewarmed, and which, as usual, enters through a suitable opening or pipefrom the exterior of the building. This opening is provided with a valvewhich has a rod connected to it, and

-which extends out at the front, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, where it canbe operated to close or open the air-passage at will.

To form a rear or outside wall to the airpassages at the back and sidesof the body A, I provide a plate, I, which covers the back from thebase-plate up to the bottom of the smoke-fines, as shown in Figs. 2 and4, and over this I secure another plate of sheet metal,

H, which extends across the back and around i both sides, it beingsecurely fastened in place to the body A and the base' plate G1 By thismeans I form a dead-air chamber in rear of the air-passages, whichserves to prevent the radiation and loss of heat into the chimney orspace which usually remains behind these grates when set in an ordinaryfire-place, the chimney with these grates being used for the escape ofthe smoke,.and which would therefore also permit the escape of whateverheat might be radiated or conducted into the space in rear of theheater.

The covering-plates II and I, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, extend up onlyto the bottom of the smoke-fines d, where it is fastened to 5 alaterally-projecting flange, R, of ahood, H, which covers the upper partof the air-fiues c and also the top of the grate, as shown in Figs. 1,2, 3, and i. This hood H, as shown in the drawings, is made to fit overand around the top portion of the grate, and is made to fit snuglyaround the rear edges of the smoke tlues, as shown in Figs. and 1h, thusforming a continuation of.the rear walls of the airlines 0, whilepermitting the smoke to pass through the flues d into the chimney inrear of it. It is made to inclose the sides also, and is carried farenough above the top of the body A to form a chamber or large space over1 it, into which the air passes from the back and sides and from whichit escapes through a guard or screen at the front, as usual, into theroom.

\Vhen it is desired to use these heaters for warming a room above, thenthe hood H is made with a collar for the attachment of a pipe, T, asshown in Fig. 2, through which pipe the warm air is conveyed in whole orin part to the upper room; and in order to regulate the quantity of airfor each or either room a damper is arranged at the mouth of theopening, so it can be closed in whole or in part at will, this damper inthis case consisting of two sliding plates, V, having each an armprovided with teeth which engage on opposite sides with a pinion, theshaft of which projects downward through a hole in the top of the bodyA, where it is bent in the form of a crank, as shown in Fig. 2, by whichthe pinion can be turned in either direction, and thus draw thedamper-plates together or shove them apart at will.

By examining Fi s. 2, 4:, and (5 it will be seen that the rear edge ofthe plates f and it have a notch formed in them at a point just oppositethe top of the fire-brick C, and that the back plate, I, is made to fitthis configuration for'the purpose of throwing the ascending current ofair directly against the back at its hottest point in order to moreeffectually eX- tract the heat therefrom, and thus prevent the back Dand the plates u from beingburned out, they, necessarily, beingsubjected to the most intense heat, and this also heats the air morethoroughly, v

The front frame (shown partly in Fig. 1) may be of any ornamentalpattern, and is secured to the body by lugs which engage in holes 7,Fig. 1, near the bottom, and by screws 25 atthe corners above.

By this construction I produce a heating and ventilating grate the bodyof which can be cast complete in a single piece in ordinary sand moldswithout the use of dry cores, and which has no joints or cracks for thepassage of dust, ashes, smoke, or noxious gases, with smoke-fines whichpermit the free passage of the smoke and prevent the smoke or gases fromescaping into the room, and which at the same time secure an increase ofthe heatingsurface, with the air-passages so arranged as to permit theair to flow freely in a nearly direct line and without obstruction.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is 1. The shellorbody A for aheating and ventilating grate, having a series ofsmoke-fines, (Z, projecting horizontally backward from its upper part,with spaces 0 between said fines, and arearwardly-projecting plate orflange, f, extending from the lower edge of each smoke-flue to thebottom of the body A, all constructed and formed as shown and described,whereby it is adapted to be cast complete in a single piece in anordinary sand mold without the use of dry cores.

2. The body A for a heating and ventilating grate, having its backprovided with a series of vertical flanges, f, and its front side with aseries of vertical flanges, u, and having at or near its top a series ofreaiwvardly-projecting sm'oke-flues, d, all cast complete in one piece,as herein set forth.

3. In combination with the grate-body A, provided with thehorizontallyprojecting smoke-fines d and the vertical flanges f, theinclosing-shell or plates 1 H and the hood H, adapted to fit over theupper part of the body and around the separate smoke-flues,substantially as shown and described.

4. The herein-described body for grates, cast complete in one piece andhaving a series of horizontally-projeeting smoke-fines, d, with theirmouths or front edges beveled, and having a series of rearwardly-projecting plates or flanges, f, extending from the lower edge of thesmoke-fines to or near the bottom of the back, substantially as shownand described.

In witness whereof I hereunto set my hand 7' 1 the presence of twowitnesses.

EDWIN A. JACKSON.

iVit-nesses:

SAML. K. THOMPSON, JAMES J. l iCGRATH.

